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Hi everybody, my name is Ken Fallon and you're listening to another episode of Hacker Public Radio.

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In today's show we're going to talk about installing synergy so that you can control the

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keyboard and mouse of another computer securely over SSH. Now this makes sense when you have keyboards

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next to each other so that you can at least see the screen on the remote computer. So to install

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synergy on both computers you need to do so as route depending on your packet manager

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might be DNF space and Stole space synergy or on Debian-based systems apt space and Stole space

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synergy and I'll leave it up to you to figure out how to install that on the other platforms.

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It also works on Windows and OSX. So my setup the main PC is going to be called PC under score

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middle and this is the one with the keyboard and mouse that we intend to use to control all the other

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computers. So I set up I only have one other PC but you can have PCs on the right left above below

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in this virtual grid. So in my case I've got one computer here, I'm one computer there.

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So the only other PC for me is the one on the right and I'm going to call that a

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madness to bleep PC under score rise and during these instructions I will be clearly

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specifying which computer I'm doing what action on. So you kind of need to keep that in mind

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apologies for the verbal descriptions. So on the PC under score middle I'm creating a configuration file

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and I put that into my home directory and I call a sub directory called edc slash synergy-work.com

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that just happens to be the configuration file I use you can use whatever you're like.

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And there's a sort of i and i type configuration file that you need to follow.

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First thing you need to do is have a section colon space screens and then

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underneath that you need to specify the names of the computers that you're going to be

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controlling. So I have PC under score middle colon and underneath that PC under score rise

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colon and underneath that I have an end to end that section. And then the next section I have

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is section colon space links and underneath that I have PC under score middle colon and underneath

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that I have right equals PC under score right and then from PC right point of view and the next

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line PC under score right colon left equals PC under score middle and it rules that end section.

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And what that links section does that tells you from the point of view of this PC middle

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on my right is the PC whose name is PC right and then from the computer called PC right

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and it's left is the computer called PC middle and you can see how you can build this to be

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top bottom left right and the whole matrix. So still on the PC middle I say the file

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and I'm going to add an entry to my SSH config file in my home directory in my dot SSH config file

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if you don't have one you can create one and the entry is going to do two things one it's

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going to specify what the IP address is of the other computer and then it's going to do our

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remote forward so I can create a virtual connection between the two computers. So the three lines

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that you need to enter into your dot SSH slash config file are host space PC right

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then new line host name space on the IP address one i two one six eight zero dot one five

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always my example and then underneath that remote forward space one two seven dot zero dot zero

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dot one colon two four eight zero zero space one two seven dot zero dot zero dot zero dot one

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colon two four eight zero zero and still on the PC underscore middle we're going to run

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synergy server but we're going to do it in the foreground with debug enabled. So the command is

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synergy s all one word space dash dash debug space and that's in the location and then in the

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upper case debug then everything else is in the location space dash dash no dash demon space dash

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server space dash dash address space one two seven dot zero dot zero dot one and dash dash config space

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tilde four such ETC four such synergy dash work dot conf which is the link to my config file

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and then dash dash name space PC underscore middle and then dash dash log space slash

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temp slash synergy work dot conf dot log and what that's command is synergy server calls server

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the debug sets the amount of information that you were going to display in this case a lot

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because debug information we're going to go no demon which means it's going to continue running

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in the foreground and not disappearing to the background we're going to start it as a server so

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not a client and the address that the server is going to be listening on is one two seven dot zero

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dot zero dot one so it's sitting there waiting listening on that on the local host and the

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configuration file that's going to use is the one that we've just edited the one that says the

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PC and the middle is on the is to the right of the other PC right and then PC right sees the

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PC middle on its left and then when we run that we'll see stuff like opening configuration

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configuration reads successfully x open display blah blah blah starting server vnq is ready

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and then screen PC middle shape changed and then it stops because at that point it's now waiting

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for connection to come in so we can double check that it's rolling on that PC middle

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computer by typing net status space dash a np and we pipe that to grip two four eight zero zero

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and if you run that as normal user you'll get an error message which you can ignore but you'll see

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that it's listening on one two seven dot zero dot zero dot one two seven dot zero dot zero

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one and port number two four eight zero zero and it's accepting it's going to reply back to wherever

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if zero dot zero dot zero dot zero which is which means in this term I'm going to reply back

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to wherever it comes from so on the PC in the middle we're going to connect to the PC on the

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right and we're going to do that and we type SSH space PC underscore right and that will tell

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the SSH command to connect to that machine now it doesn't know about that so it'll go and

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look in its configuration file which we've changed earlier it knows the whole stype address

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so it'll connect to that and then it'll do the special thing that it will listen on the far

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side for commands and pipe them back through the pipe we'll talk more about that later so

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on the PC on the right so we can either do this via the SSH connection that we opened or

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better yes by going over and typing on its keyboard so if it's a laptop you're typing on the

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laptop keyboard of the second one the one that's on the right you type synergy C which is the command

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for to start at the client we're going to go space dash dash debug space uppercase i nfo

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and space dash dash no dash demon space dash dash name space PC underscore right space one two seven

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dot zero dot zero dot one now what that's happening here is you're starting synergy in the

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client board we're going to enable some debugging and in this case we're just going to try and show

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info level debugging information because there's a no full lot of people around full debugging

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again we're not going to run it as a no-dayman so it's running in the foreground and we now need

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to tell it okay in this whole setup what name am i and we've already configured it as PC on the right

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and we tell it to send its commands over to one two seven dot zero dot zero dot one which is

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listening on the SSH tunnel and then you'll see debug information like connecting to one two seven

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dot zero zero dot one and if all goes well you see something like connected to server and then

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if you go back to PC middle you should see the log that is connected opening new socket for a

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blah except a client connection received client PC right and the shape is this and the client PC

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right has connected so perfect so just want to make a little note if you tried to run the client

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synergy see over the SSH connection so you're on your middle computer and you've connected to the

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other computer in order to start the tunnel up over SSH you might try running the commands there

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if you do that you'll see the connection correctly but when you move your mouse on

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from one screen with the hope that little jump to the other one it won't do that it'll

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come back into the center and the reason for that is to do it x permissions so that command

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we need to run the command

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to start the synergy client it has to be on the keyboard of the session that you're on so if you want to

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control a particular session you need to run the command from that session there's a way to get

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around that but I found the easiest thing is you just go up in the morning you log in to that

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other computer you start the client and then you go back to your main computer and for the rest of

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the day you don't have to touch this other computer so where are we now have it so that when on

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the middle PC when you move the keyboard when you move the mouse over to the other side

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it will highlight programs on the other side just as if you're using them you can use the menu to

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start a no pad application for example case if you're running kitty or some other mouse pad or whatever

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and you can start typing on your middle keyboard and everything that your type will appear on the

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other one so that is basically what we want to do and if you look at the logs on the PC

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middle as you're doing that you'll see all sorts of stuff like switching from PC middle to PC

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rice leaving the screen moving over the keyboard updating the screen to this at the next thing

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and sending X screensaver commands etc so we now know it works because you're on the on your

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PC middle and you can control PC rice so we can go over to the PC rice and that keyboard

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we can hold on control and press C which is the generic cancel unit in Unix word world

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you often see you've written a CTRL plus C and what that means is you hold on the control key

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kept keeping it all held you press the C does matter if it's over case or long case

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and that will terminate command now back there will terminate the client and then back on the

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middle PC which is still running the server you'll see a debug information client PC right

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has just connected closing socket that they had opened earlier and we're now basically finished with

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that as well so you can hold on the PC middle you can hold on you control and C

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to terminate the server as well so now that everything is working correctly we can make it

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easier to start and it just does a by the by the note here there is a way within synergy to set up

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TLS or that your traffic is encrypted I'm not doing that here because it's running over SSH

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there's already an encryption there so if you want to do that they command that you'll need to enable

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is dash dash enabled dash crypto and it is quite complicated to do due to the fact that the

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people who developed it went closed open core blah blah blah on us so this is a reason to do SSH

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connections and the SSH can totally is actually nicer because if you're on different

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networks even you can still connect to the other computer using SSH via maybe a bus

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and a host or something and in that case you connect remotely to another computer and then

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you port forward via that then to your client so if both computers can't talk to each other

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what you do is you have the middle PC connect to a central server via SSH and then you have the

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other PC on the right connect to that remote server the same remote server and then you can

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forward your packets through that but that's outside the scope of this exercise so as we saw before

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the client needs to be run on the same physical access that you need on the second computer so

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what we want to do now is make things a little bit easier by making a bash script two bash scripts

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actually want to run the client to run the server so we'll start on the PC on the right

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you can create a bin directory if you don't have it in your home directory make your bin

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and then you can edit the file using nano or something nano space till the forward slash bin

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for slash start that synergy client dot bash and then in that command in that empty file you type octetorp

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which is the hash symbol or the pound symbol if you're in the US tiktokto you know the two lines

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vertical two lines horizontal okay you type hash

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exclamation mark force I pay in force I bash new line kill all space synergy c new line sleep space

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two new line synergy c space dash dash name space PC right space one two seven dot zero dot zero dot

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one enter exist zero so what that does first line tells us it's a bash file the second line

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checks to see if there are other versions of synergy client running and kills them all

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is then waits for two seconds to give area the system a chance to settle down

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then it starts another synergy client with the name of PC right and one two seven dot zero dot zero

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dot one and then it goes into the double go into the background and then it exits with a zero which is correct

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so still on that computer on the PC right we allow the file to be executable by typing change mod

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c h m o d sorry space plus x space tilde bin start dash synergy dash client dot bash

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which is the name of the file that we used earlier if you use something different that's entirely up to you

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so while we're over there we can we can basically run the file start dash synergy dash client

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dot bash and it'll run and I usually I have encrypted hard disk so first thing in the morning

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I need to type in a password anyway so I turn on both computers type my password on PC underscore

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right and then when the session comes up I run the command and then I basically leave that loan for

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the rest of the day but if you want to do an automatically start thing there's a link in the

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show notes learn dot ita fruit dot com synergy dash on dash rush raspberry dash pi for such

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set up dash synergy dash client dash auto start easy for me to say and that'll tell you how to do

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it on one on raspberry pi but your system may be different so you're going to need to figure out how

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to do it on your own system and again if you're logging in anyway having the type your password

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all then you should you know it's easy just to type it now we're back to the middle PC again

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and we're going to create a new file now no space tilde for such bin for such bash start dash synergy

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dash server dot bash and in there we're going to paste the following stuff hash exclamation

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mark for such bin for such bash you line server name equals synergy s now the reason I'm doing that

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is because synergy server can be different but let's let's let's forget about that so again

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I do a kill all synergy s for the server name and then I run synergy s space dash dash server

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space dash dash address space 127 dot zero dot zero dot one space dash dash config space force tilde

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for such edc for such synergy dash work dot config space dash dash name space pc underscore middle

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slash synergy dash work dot config dot log and I do some stuff to set the control keys and turn off the

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one I run the command start synergy server dash and it opens the shell to the PC on the right

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which is fine because sometimes I need to do s h stuff over there and it's easier locally

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but from there on I can also move my mouse over to the right and it'll control that keyboard

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over there which is sometimes handy and the reason I'm using this is if you're in the case where

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you need to have two separate connections one for the lab on one for production and you don't want

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to mess with anything then you have two separate systems there's no way days it can migrate from

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one to the other and that's kind of a useful way of doing it then the production stuff is over on

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the production machine and your lab stuff is on your local machine and you could also use it just

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for the laws for control and somebody else's keyboard and mouse what they think they're going

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nuts so I want to just have a side note here about that special address one two seven that's

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your that's your one and talk to you about how this actually works we kind of alluded to it

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but I want to go into more a little bit more detail that address is also referred to as a loop

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back address or home or local host and it's usually defined in slash ETC slash host so if you ever

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saw somebody with a t-shirt at a conference that says there's no place like one two seven dot zero dot

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zero dot one that's what they actually mean and the purpose of it is it's used by programs

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running on a given computer to talk to each other so you can isolate say you have your own

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web server running on your local computer and you can connect the browser on your local computer

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to that web server so if you set up your server only to be listening locally on port one two seven

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dot zero dot zero dot one and port eighty then you can open up a browser in your computer and type

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a one two seven dot zero dot zero dot one and by default they port eighty is at us it'll go to the

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web server on your local machine now if you're from bobs and next year on the same network

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tries to go to one two seven dot zero dot zero dot one port eighty it's not going to go to your

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web server it's going to try and go to the web server in its machine that's referred to on local

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host and it's an IP for network standard and it reserves the entire block 0.27 dot zero dot zero dot zero

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four dot eight that's more than 16 million addresses for your loopback purposes so anything

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beginning but one two seven is a local address so you can have one two seven dot one two three the four

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level one two out four five six one two seven does one dot one dot five is also a loopback address

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equally one two seven dot one two seven dot one two seven dot one two seven is also a loopback address

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but you want to be a big careful with that because some your server still needs to be listening

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to the address that you're going to it's not a wild card that any particular address is there

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you you can have one version of Apache listening on one two seven dot zero dot zero dot one and

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another one listening on one two zero zero dot zero dot two for instance now if you find that a

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little bit confusing just think of it like if you're talking to your bobs and the bobs says

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I'm going home now you should also go home so what does that mean you're never going to get

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confused by that because you know that what they're actually saying is I'm going to my home now

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and you should go to your home now so when you're talking about home it's context the one

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exception to that of course is if you're talking to Irish people and they say are you going home

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for Christmas they don't actually mean your home the mean are you going back to Ireland so there you

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go and that's that's just something Irish people have to to suffer and we we know about that

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so move on so what's happening here is that the address one two seven dot zero dot zero dot one

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when we configure anything on the PC middle is only available on the PC middle and equally

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when we configure something on the on the configuration files on the PC on the rise and we talk

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about one two seven dot zero to zero dot one we're only talking about the PC on the rise so

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there's a bit of something missing to connecting the two and that's because the server

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so the server is listening on the loop back address on one two seven dot zero to zero dot one

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on the PC middle while the client is sending to the loop back address on one two seven dot zero

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that's zero dot one and is which is PC on the rise so the trick is the remote forward

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configuration line in when we SSH from the PC on the middle to the PC on the rise and that

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plan is remote forward space one two seven dot zero to zero dot one colon and the port number

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four synergy which uses two four eight zero zero and one two seven dot zero to zero one two four

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eight zero zero so go through that in more detail that tells the remote in this case that's

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PC on the rise the listen on port one sorry two four eight zero zero so listen on port two four

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eight zero zero on its loop back address and that's going to be where the client is going to be

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talking to then the SSH connection will forward any packets to back to the remote from the remote

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to the PC in the middle and it'll pop those out on port two four eight zero zero on its loop back

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address and that's the address of the server so the client is sending down to its local address

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SSH is taking the packets and moving them over to the other side and popping them out

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on the local address of the server computer and into the port where it's listening very very

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cool actually when you think about it so that's all I have to say about that if you have questions

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or comments or you feel you can improve this in the episode free of free to do so and also

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considering recording and show yourself so that's it I'll round up by saying tune in tomorrow

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for another exciting episode of Hacker public the rate to you